How to distinguish the steel material

Steel material how to distinguish between 1 concepts: steel, steel ingot, steel is or by pressure processing into various shapes, sizes and performance we need materials.

Steel is an important material in the national construction and the realization of the four modernizations essential, wide application, a wide variety, according to the different steel section shape, generally divided into profiles, plates, pipes and metal products four categories, in order to facilitate the organization of steel production, in order to supply and management, and heavy rail, light rail, divided into large type steel, medium section steel, small steel, steel cold-formed steel, high-quality steel, wire, plate, sheet, electrical silicon steel sheet, steel, welded steel pipe, metal products, etc..

Method 2, steel production

The majority of steel is steel by pressure processing, the processed steel (ingot blank, etc.) to produce plastic deformation. According to the temperature of steel processing not steel with cold and hot processing two. The main processing method of steel a:

Rolling: steel metal blank through a gap of a pair of rotating rolls (shapes), due to compression of the material roll reducing the section, pressure to increase the length of the processing method, which is the most commonly used means of production of steel, mainly used in the production of steel profiles, sheet, pipe. Cold-rolled, hot-rolled divided.

Forging steel: the use of hammer reciprocating impact force or press pressure to change into a billet pressure processing method we desired shape and size. Generally divided into free forging and die forging, commonly used for large-scale production of wood, steel billet section feet inch larger material.

Pulling steel: metal blank will have rolled (type, tube, products and so on) shifting into section decreases with increasing length of the processing method is mostly used for cold working through a die Kong la.

Extrusion: steel metal on the closed extrusion Jane, pressure end, so that the metal processing methods are the same shape and size of the finished product is extruded from the die hole provisions, much used in the production of non-ferrous metal materials steel

A, black metal, steel and non-ferrous metals before classification introduced steel briefly introduce the basic concept of ferrous metals, steel and nonferrous metal.

1, black metal is an alloy of iron and iron. Such as steel, pig iron, iron alloy, cast iron, etc.. Steel and iron are iron based on carbon steel, alloy main add elements, collectively known as the iron carbon alloy.

Pig iron is the iron ore in blast furnace smelting and become products, mainly used for steelmaking and steel castings. The cast iron melted in cupola in place, the cast iron (liquid), the liquid cast iron casting cast steel, cast iron is called the iron castings.

Iron alloy is an alloy composed of iron and silicon, manganese, chromium, titanium, iron alloy is the raw material of steelmaking deoxidizer and alloying elements, as additives of steel in the steel.

2, the pig iron for steelmaking in arc furnace according to certain process to obtain steel smelting. Steel products steel ingot, billet and steel by molten steel castings etc.. Usually referred to the steel, generally refers to roll into various steel steel. Steel belongs to the black metal but steel is not equivalent to the black metal.

3, steel, nonferrous metal and non-ferrous metal, metal and alloy in addition to black metal, such as copper, tin, lead, zinc, aluminum and brass, bronze, aluminum alloy and bearing alloy. In addition to the industry also use chrome, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium steel, tungsten, titanium, the metal is mainly used as alloy additives, to improve the properties of metals, including tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, steel, cemented carbide tool used to produce. These non-ferrous metal are called industrial metal, steel and precious metals: gold, silver, platinum, and the rare metal, including radioactive uranium, radium and other steel.

Classification of two, steel

Steel is iron carbon alloy in 0.04%-2.3% between the carbon content in steel. In order to ensure its toughness and plasticity, the carbon content is generally not more than 1.7%. The main elements in addition to iron, carbon steel, and silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus and other. Many classification methods for steel steel variety, there are seven kinds of main methods:

Classification of 1, according to the quality of steel

(1) ordinary steel (P ≤ 0.045%, S ≤ 0.050%)

(2) of high quality steel (P, S ≤ 0.035%)

(3) high quality steel (P ≤ 0.035%, S ≤ 0.030%)

2, according to the classification of chemical compositions

(1): A. carbon steel low carbon steel (C ≤ 0.25%); B. carbon steel (C ≤ 0.25~0.60%); high carbon steel C. (C ≤ 0.60%).

(2): A. alloy steel low alloy steel (total content ≤ alloy element 5%); B. alloy steel (>5~10% total content of alloy elements); C. alloy steel (>10% total content of alloy elements).

3, according to the classification of steel forming method: (1) forged steel; steel; (2) (3) hot-rolled steel; (4) steel.

4, according to the classification of steel microstructure

(1) the annealed state: A. hypoeutectoid steel (ferrite + pearlite); B. eutectoid steel (pearlite); C. hypereutectoid steels of steel (pearlite and cementite ledeburite steel); D. (pearlite and cementite).

(2) normalized condition: A. pearlitic steel; B. steel; C. martensitic steel and D. austenitic steel.

(3) the steel without phase change or part of phase transition of 5, according to the purpose of the classification

1) steel for construction and Engineering: plain carbon structural steel A.; B. low alloy structural steel; C. steel.

(2) steel structure steel

Steel for manufacturing A. machinery: (a) quenched and tempered steel; (b) surface hardening of steel structure: including carburizing steel, infiltration of surface quenching steel, ammonia